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Antarctic bird, ... ecosystem engineer

arid and semiarid environments are fragile ecosystems that deserve special attention and whose management is especially complicated.

As in many other environments, there are two major issues to consider: the conservation of soil and water. Are essential for the maintenance of biodiversity and productivity of ecosystems.

The vulnerability of the Mediterranean region to erosion and desertification can lead to rapid and severe destruction of the soil, which affects biodiversity and determining their productivity.

Therefore, in sensitive areas like the Mediterranean region, we must pursue policies of conservation and efficient management, which involves the monitoring and management of all aspects that characterize biodiversity.

However, given the difficulty of this task is proposed to focus attention on some key species whose evolution is related directly to the state of the ecosystem. Keystone species are those that are functionally related to the persistence of a set of relationships between other species in the ecosystem and play a role in the organization and functioning. In

literature has described such categories of key species, among which cites the "ecosystem engineers." Qualified agencies with this name create, modify or maintain habitats, causing changes in the physical state of the biotic or abiotic materials, directly or indirectly modulate the availability of resources for other species.

In a paper recently published by two scientists working in Austria and Spain (A.Casas-Crivillé and F. Valera: "The European bee-eater (Merops apiaster) as an engineer Ecosystem in Arid Environments" Journal of Arid Environments 2005, 60: 227-238) discusses the role of a bird, the European bee room, Merops apiaster as an engineer in arid ecosystems.

This bird migratory insectivorous, widely distributed in many environments but mainly inhabits arid and semiarid ecosystems, and also is one of the few species that have the ability to modify the habitat by digging burrows where breeding. This feature gives an erosive capacity and, at the same time promoting biodiversity, providing basic resources for other species.

work in House and James discusses the importance of this species in semiarid areas of southern Iberia evaluating the potential erosion, the effects of habitat modification from the perspective of biodiversity, and the role of species interactions in establishing that structure ecosystems.

The findings indicate the importance of the bird in the ecosystems studied. A couple of Merops apiaster removes at least about 13 kg of soil by digging her nest, which is very important for soil conservation.

have also been recorded more than 19 vertebrates that use the nests once the birds have abandoned them. Also, many species of invertebrates using essential in arid or semiarid.

For a species, the sparrow has found an increase in the population related to the availability of empty nests. In short, the study concludes that the high European bees act as an engineer in the arid and semiarid areas susceptible to influence. What remains to be demonstrated, however, is whether this species can act as key bioindicator health arid or semiarid.

Ecotropía